Business Administration

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Access and Use of Mobile Money by Microentrepreneurs in Moshi District, Tanzania
(African Journal of Accounting and social science (AJASSS), 2021-12) Akyoo, Stephen E.; Pallangyo, Barakael T.
This study assessed the accessibility and usage of mobile money services by micro-entrepreneurs in Moshi District, Tanzania. A multistage sampling technique with a combination of random and purposive sampling was adopted to obtain a total of 120 shop retailers for questionnaire survey and six key informants for in depth interviews. Data were collected through questionnaire and checklist guide and analysed using Statistical Package for Social Sciences (SPSS) and content analysis. The fndings show that most (70%) of the respondents owned one mobile handset. Almost (95%) respondents were using mobile money services for their businesses, and M-Pesa from Vodacom had the highest number of subscribers. Nearly, two thirds (65%) of the respondents had one Subscriber Identity Module (SIM) card. The majority of the respondents frequently (often or very often) used mobile money services for paying bills (91.7%), sending or withdrawing cash (91.6%), making purchases and commodity dealing (90.8%), making money transfer (87.5%), recharging airtime (84.1%) and storing money (72.7%). It is concluded that mobile money has been adopted by microentrepreneurs’ even in rural areas. Furthermore, micro entrepreneurs were easily accessing the mobile money services mainly through Vodacom, Tigo and Airtel telecommunicationAfrican Journal of Accounting and Social Science Studies (AJASSS) Volume 3, Issue No. 2 86 companies. The study recommends that the user should adopt the services so to beneft from their business. Furthermore, these mobile telecommunication companies should oﬀer aﬀordable services especially on the marginalized rural areas. Keywords: Mobile money, mobile phones, microenterprises, Moshi,
Agro-pastoralist Resilience: Emerging Challenges towards Innovated Pathways of Climate Change Effects in Semi-arid areas of Kiteto and Kilindi Districts, Tanzania
(TIA, 2022-06) Mung’ong’o, Henry G.
Climate change and its variability threaten food security globally, making life uncertain, especially among agro-pastoral communities living in fragile semi-arid areas. This trend has necessitated the exploration of the potential designed and developed pathways and the emerging challenges which reduce the adaptive capacity of agro-pastoralists. This study investigates innovative pathways and challenges facing agro-pastoral communities in adapting to climate change and variability effects on crops and livestock production in semiarid areas of Kiteto and Kilindi Districts. A mixed-method research approach under a correlation case study design was employed. Primary data were collected using a household survey which sampled 362 households, Focus Group Discussion (n=6), In-depth interviews (key informants) and field visits. Descriptive statistics and thematic analysis were used in analysing and presenting the findings. The study results indicate that agro-pastoral communities have observed a decrease in rainfall and an increase in temperature trends that were linked to reduced livestock, cereals and pulses crop production thus affecting the agro-pastoral community’s food security status. The study identified innovative pathways as a response to reduced livestock, cereal and pulse crops production which includes growing drought-tolerant crops, practising intercropping, livestock seasonal mobility, traditional grazing management system through by-laws, pastures rotational uses and traditional water reservoirs (Mboutu). Furthermore, the study identified several challenges to overcoming declining livestock production and crop yields, which include inadequate financial capital (91%), droughts (85.4%), unpredicted weather patterns, (74.7%), emergency of new AJASSS Volume 4, Issue No. 1, 2022 page 20 livestock diseases (50.3%), a lack of reliable weather information (44.2%), low livestock prices(40%), insufficient and delayed delivery of agricultural equipment (37%). All these challenges reduced the resilience capacity of agro pastoralists. To ensure the sustainability of fragile dryland communities, this study recommends purposeful institutional intervention plans and increased income diversification as well as more capacity-building activities for increased awareness of climate change adaptation practices in semiarid areas of Tanzania which will increase agro-pastoralists resilience.
Application of SARIMA Model on Forecasting Wholesale Prices of Food Commodities in Tanzania A Case of Maize, Rice and Beans
(African Journal of Accounting and social science (AJASSS), 2022-06-30) Joseph, Agnes B; Mpogolo, Godfrey E
This research used a time series model called the Seasonal Autoregressive Integrated Moving Average (SARIMA) technique to model and forecast wholesale prices of Tanzania`s key food crops, notably maize, rice, and beans. The SARIMA model was selected due to its ability of ftting data with seasonality. Monthly wholesale prices data of the three crops between February 2004 to October 2021 in Tanzania were retrieved from the website of the Bank of Tanzania (BoT), resulting in 213 observations on each crop. The data from February 2004 to October, 2020 were used to ft a SARIMA model and data of November 2020 to October 2021 were used to validate the model. The results show that SARIMA (0,1,2) (1,0,1) 12, SARIMA (0,1,0) (1,1,1)12 and SARIMA (0,1,0) (0,1,1) 12 are the most suitable models for forecasting wholesale prices of maize, rice and beans respectively. The model’s accuracy was tested using Mean Absolute Percent Error (MAPE), and the results were found satisfactory. The results reveal that maize, rice, and beans will all have higher peak prices in February 2022, with TZS 54,083/=, TZS 167,258/=, and TZS 180,117.68/= per 100kg, respectively. Therefore, SARIMA (0,1,2)(1,0,1)12, SARIMA (0,1,0)(1,1,1)12 and SARIMA (0,1,0) (0,1,1) 12 models could serve as a useful tool for modelling and forecasting monthly wholesale prices of maize, rice and beans respectively in Tanzania.
Automated Optimization-Based Deep Learning Models for Image Classification Tasks
(MDPI, 2023-09-01) Migayo, Daudi, M.; Kaijage, Shubi.; Swetala, Stephen.; Nyambo, Devotha, G.
Applying deep learning models requires design and optimization when solving multi-faceted artificial intelligence tasks. Optimization relies on human expertise and is achieved only with great exertion. The current literature concentrates on automating design; optimization needs more attention. Similarly, most existing optimization libraries focus on other machine learning tasks rather than image classification. For this reason, an automated optimization scheme of deep learning models for image classification tasks is proposed in this paper. A sequential-model-based optimization algorithm was used to implement the proposed method. Four deep learning models, a transformer-based model, and standard datasets for image classification challenges were employed in the experiments. Through empirical evaluations, this paper demonstrates that the proposed scheme improves the performance of deep learning models. Specifically, for a Virtual Geometry Group (VGG-16), accuracy was heightened from 0.937 to 0.983, signifying a 73% relative error rate drop within an hour of automated optimization. Similarly, training-related parameter values are proposed to improve the performance of deep learning models. The scheme can be extended to automate the optimization of transformer-based models. The insights from this study may assist efforts to provide full access to the building and optimization of DL models, even for amateurs.
Cereal Bank as a Necessary Rural Livelihood Institute in Arid Land, Makoja Village, Dodoma-Tanzania
(Asian Economic and Financial Review, 2013) Msaki, Mark M.; Mwenda, Michael I.; Regnard, Irene J.
In 2012, the study was carried at Makoja Village, in Semi-Arid region of Dodoma. The aim of the conducted study was to assess the importance of Cereal Bank to livelihood of farming households. A total of 80 respondents were interviewed. Data were analyzed using SPSS 16.0 computer program. The major findings of the study revealed that, almost all of the households (96.2 %) were poor, while more than a half of the sampled population was chronically food insecure. Income and expenditure analysis revealed that households had no opportunity to manage savings. Further analysis on expenditure revealed that despite being farming households, the later spent large proportion of their income in purchasing food for households. Cereal bank has been potential to provide food at the time of less, storage facility, seed stocking facility and a business opportunity. Cereal banks should be purposively promoted to improve livelihood and assure food security in the rural areas.
Climate Change Adaptation in Semi-Arid Areas: A Gender Perspective
(International Journal of Ecosystem, 2014) Msaki, Mark M.; Kalumanga, Venance.; Bwagalilo, Fadhili.
At current, the world is struggling to mitigate the impacts of Climate Change to the involved communities. Due to their climatic behaviours, Semi-Arids are among the most vulnerable areas to Climate Change. Adaption to Climate Change has been suggested to lessen the impacts in different areas. However, the adaption is relative to a specific area’s social-economic, physical as well as cultural set up. For this fact, it is a matter that in some areas, culture happens to side-line women in decision making and implementation while adapting for Climate Change. Therefore, the study was carried out at Chololo Eco - Village, in Dodoma Municipality. The aim of the study was to assess the existing climate change adaptation strategies or technologies and the involvement of Gender in Addressing Climate Change Adaptation Technologies. A total of 110 respondents were interviewed. The research revealed that among the proportion 36%, 29%, 35%, 32%, and 59% of female respondents attended transfer of innovation sessions for Agriculture, Water Management and Conservation, Afforestation, Food Security and Economic Adaptation. More men attended sessions for transfer of innovations as compared to women. Tradition, culture and household chores impended women not to involve much in such sessions. Fortunately, women not attending in such session did not connote not adapting to Climate Change. Roles occupied in the community and household chores had been the factor for women to decide whether to participate or not participate in the training sessions. Women struggled to attend transfer sessions which seemed to be critical such as Economic Adaptation. Fruitfully women were found to be more involved in Income Generating Activities (IGAs) introduced by Chololo Eco – Village. Deliberate efforts should be carried to ensure that women attend technology transfer sessions to become the first beneficiaries of such innovations.
Contribution of Village Community Banks to Members’ Livelihood Outcomes in Tanzania: A Case of Chang’ombe Ward in Temeke Municipality
(African Journal of Accounting and Social Science Studies (AJASS), 2023-12) Rwela, Anderson G.
This paper assesses the contribution of Village Community Banks (VICOBA) to members’ livelihoods. Specifically, the paper examines the factors for membership in Village Community Banks and the contribution of VICOBA to the livelihood outcomes of members. The paper is based on a cross-sectional study whereby a sample of 224 respondents was drawn from the population using simple random sampling;112 were members and 112 were non-members of VICOBA. Non-members of VICOBA were used as a control group. The method of data collection was a survey. The data were analysed by computing descriptive and inferential statistics. Descriptive statistics included calculating frequencies and percentages, while inferential statistics included means comparison. The results indicate that services offered by VICOBA were determinants of membership in VICOBA, which included access to loans, networking, receiving earnings, a lower interest rate, savings, and a source of capital. VICOBA contributed to livelihood outcomes variables such as net income and SMEs value of members as it showed a statistically significant P ≥ 0.05 meaning that members of VICOBA had higher net income and Small and Medium Enterprises (SMEs)value compared to non-members. Also, livelihood outcomes such as TV set value, health service cost, and house value of members of VICOBA showed higher values compared to non-members as it showed statistics significant of P ≥ 0.01. The findings conclude that there is a strong positive relationship between membership and livelihood outcomes. The study recommends that local district authorities, NGOs, and the ministry responsible for community development to promote members of the community to participate in VICOBA through developing appropriate policies as VICOBA has shown a tool for achieving livelihood outcomes and means of financial inclusion by enabling members to access capital at affordable costs.
Determinants of Business Formalization in Singida Municipal Council, Tanzania
(Tanzania Institute of Accountancy, 2023-06) Pallangyo, Barakael T.; Akyoo, Elimeleck P.
While Small and Medium Enterprises (SMEs) are recognized to be the engine of growth of the economy, most businesses continue to operate informally. There are competing arguments on prospects of business formalization. This study analysed the attitudes of business owners towards business formalization and determinants of such formalization among SMEs in Singida Municipality. The study adopted a cross-sectional research design, and a mixed-methods approach whreby both quantitative and qualitative data were collected. A sample of 200 SMEs owners were selected using Fisher’s formula. Qualitative data were analysed using thematic content analysis with a constant comparison. Quantitative data were analysed with the aid of the Statistical Package for Social Sciences (SPSS) software whereby descriptive statistics were computed to obtain frequencies and percentage distributions of the responses. A five-point Likert scale was used to establish the level of attitude towards business formalization. Binary logistic regression was used to determine effects of predictors on chances of business formalization. It was found that education, age, sex, firm location, firm size, employment and access to credit were important predictors of business formalization (p <0.005). Many respondents (56.6%) had positive attitude on business formalization. Insufficient capital (30.1%) and high tax charges (21.7%) were the most frequently cited factors hindering business formalization.
Determinants of Empowerment Among Women Producers of Improved Chickens in Bariadi and Muheza Districts, Tanzania
(Tanzania Institute of Accountancy, 2019-06) Maunde, Regina M.; Lyimo, Joyce G.; Jeckoniah, John N.
Women empowerment is a dynamic and multidimensional process whereby various factors could influence differently the extent to which women are empowered in different contexts. Rigorous evidence on the determinants of women empowerment in specific agricultural projects is scantily documented
Determinants of Livelihood Diversification Strategies in Communities Adjacent to Large Scale Agricultural Investment in Kilombero Valley, Tanzania.
(Tengeru Community Development Journal, 2021-12-15) Akyoo, Elimeleck P.
Household’s socio-economic characteristics have the potential of determining livelihood strategies of community living adjacent to large scale agricultural investment areas. However, livelihood diversification strategies in areas with large-scale agricultural investment are determined by complex and yet empirically untested factors in Kilombero Valley. Thus, the aim of this study is to examine the determinants of livelihood diversification strategies in the study area. The study based adopted a cross-sectional research design and the exploratory sequential research strategy whereby data were collected from 376 respondents. Quantitative data collected through a structured questionnaire were entered into SPSS and Multinomial logit model was used to examine determinants of household livelihood diversification strategies. Qualitative data were subjected to content analysis. Generally, findings show that household size, land size and access to credit were positively and significantly (p ≤ 0.05) associated with households’ livelihood diversification for households adjacent to Kilombero Sugar Company Limited (KSCL). On the other hand, land size, total income and group membership were significantly (p ≤ 0.05) associated with households’ livelihood diversification for households adjacent to Kilombero Plantation Limited (KPL). It is concluded that diversification of livelihood strategies in communities adjacent to large-scale agricultural investments are context specific and depends on investors adjacent to the community in question. It is recommended that local government authorities and other development actors in Kilombero Valley should recognize and support non-farm livelihood diversification and address access to credit constraints by provision of credit with lowest interest rate to households who will be interested in non-farm income generating activities.
Determinants of Rural Households Livelihood Outcomes in Kilombero Valley, Tanzania
(Tanzania Institute of Accountancy, 2021-06)
Household’s participation in an out-grower scheme and investor farm employment as well as household socio-economic characteristics has the potential of improving livelihood outcomes. However, scientific debates on the determinants of household livelihood outcomes have not been conclusive. The paper aims at examining the determinants of rural household livelihood outcomes
Do Food Quality and Food Quantity Talk the Same? Lesson From Household Food Security Study in Embo, South Africa
(Journal of the American College of Nutrition, 2013-07-25) Msaki, Mark M.; Hendriks, Sheryl L.
Objectives: Relating food diversity, quality, and intake is one of the key aspects in understanding household food security. This paper aimed at marying food intake and quality, both being measurement for food security. Methods: A household food consumption survey (n = 200) exploring food diversity, quality of foods, and their relation to food intake in Embo, a poor farming community in rural KwaZulu-Natal was carried out in November 2004 (period of insufficiency) and repeated in March 2005 (period of plenty). Household food intake strata were developed using matrices obtained from the Household Food Intake Index and nutritional adequacy ratios. Food quality was measured using food count and later using 5 food groups, namely, starches, vegetables and fruits, animal sourced foods, fats, and legumes. Results: Single food count showed dietary diversity to be significantly different across households with different food intake during the period of plenty (P ≤ 0.000). During the period of plenty, vegetable and fruits contributed significantly different proportions of energy (P ≤ 0.000), protein (P ≤ 0.006), iron (P ≤ 0.020), and vitamin E (P ≤ 0.006) to household food intake strata. Intake of vitamin A was more elastic as its intake variation from legumes, fats, and animal sourced foods was (P ≤ 0.000), from starches (P ≤ 0.008) and from vegetable and fruits (P ≤ 0.064) during the second round. Starches are the most important food group to the community, whereas fats and animal sourced food groups are less important. Conclusions: The current study has been able to include food quality in food security studies. Seasonality accounts for variation in food quality. The South African food-based dietary guidelines are relevant to the Embo community.
Effects of Innovation on Business Performance: Empirical Evidence from Manufacturing Firms in Tanzania
(TIA, 2022-12-31) Mwaifyusi, Hussein A.; Dau, Ramadhani K.
Regardless of its relevance for business performance, the influence of innovation on the performance of manufacturing firms in Tanzania is not well documented. Thus, this study aimed to examine the effects of innovation on business performance of manufacturing firms in Tanzania. The study used cross-sectional design and quantitative approach. Copies of a structured questionnaire were administered to 420 participants from 28 manufacturing companies in Dar es Salaam and Coast Regions. An impressive response rate of 93.1% was achieved. Data were tested for reliability using Cronbach’s alpha coefficient. Tests for normality, multicollinearity and autocorrelation were conducted, and the results showed the data were reliable, normally distributed, free of multicollinearity and autocorrelation problems. Descriptive and multiple regression statistical techniques were employed. The results suggested that a significant positive effect existed between performance of manufacturing firms and product innovation (B=0.705, p=0.001), process innovation (B=0.640, p=0.000) and marketing innovation (B=.818, p=0.000). The obvious implication to industry is that innovation is important to business success of the manufacturing companies, thus the governments should motivate firms to innovate continuously by giving incentives to invest in R&D. Past studies linking innovation and performance have focused on financial measures of performance. The major contribution of the current study is to use non-financial measures of performance such as business growth and responsiveness to change.
Enhancing ERP Adoption in Government Training Institutions for Effective Financial Management: A Case of Tanzania Institute of Accountancy (TIA)
(Journal of Resources Development and Management, 2016) Mwakyusa, Wilson P
Enterprise Resource Planning (ERP) system is the largest application software that increasingly being adopted by Higher Learning Institutions (HLI) both private and public institutions in developing countries. However, there is high rate of failures of ERP system implementation in higher learning institutions specifically in the strategies of integration with other information systems like Student Management System (SMS), human resource management and Accounting information systems for the purpose of enhancing financial management. Thus, this study aimed at enhancing the ERP system adoption in higher learning institutions with a special attention to government training institutions in Tanzania. Initially information was collected through literature review; primary data was gathered through structured questionnaires received from a total of 40 respondents working with Tanzania Institute of Accountancy (TIA) which implement ERP system (Epicor). The study revealed several factors that slow the process of implementing ERP system at HLIs. These factors are; lack of technical awareness about the system, user of the system are not involved in the system requirements, top management support, ERP system implementations strategies, IT-infrastructure and experience in IT adoption process. Furthermore, it is found that phased adoption strategy is more suitable approach for adopting new ERP system in the government training institutions environment. Similarly the study revealed that ERP system plays important role in enhancing financial management in HLIs. Conclusively, the study proposed the integrated ERP system implementation framework using phased approach to suite the government higher training institutions environment. Keywords: ERP system, Government training institutions, adoption strategy
Extent of Adoption of Selected Innovations Among Smallholder Paddy Farmers in Mvomero District, Tanzania
(Tanzania Institute of Accountancy, 2020-06) Mhango, Solomon; Jeckoniah, John N.
Presently, different stakeholders play a key role in paddy production by introducing innovations to paddy farmers in Tanzania. However, the farmers tend to adopt innovations at different rates, which call for an establishment of the extent of the adoption of introduced innovations. This study was conducted in Mvomero District, Morogoro, Tanzania to determine the extent of adoption of innovations in paddy production. A cross-sectional research design was adopted and 299 respondents were sampled using simple random technique. Data were collected using questionnaire and in-depth interviews
Impediments of E-learning Adoption in Higher Learning Institutions of Tanzania: An Empirical Review
(Journal of Education and Practice, 2016) Mwakyusa, Wilson P
It is experienced that most of the Higher Learning Institutions (HLIs) in developing countries including Tanzania fails to fully implement e-learning system as a an alternative method of delivering education to a large population in the universities. However, some of HLIs are practicing the blended method by which both elearning and traditional teaching methods are employed. The study therefore, aimed to explore the most critical impediments for e-learning adoption at (HLIs) in Tanzania. Moreover, most of the HLIs in developing countries are facing with the problem of poor ICT infrastructures, lack of experts in ICT solutions and internet connectivity. This study made an empirical review to a total of 18 relevant literatures conducted in HLIs of Tanzania in order to critically indentify the most critical impediments. It is found that there is a serious problem of technological infrastructures including lack of computers in HLIs to save students all time, low internet bandwidth, low ICT- competence among the educational stakeholders which impede the successful e-learning implementation. Furthermore, it was found that most of the HLIs they had no e-learning policy in operational as a result there is lack of technical and managerial support towards the new e-learning technology. In the end the study proposed the strategies that direct the road towards the success of e-learning implementation at HLIs in developing countries including Tanzania
Influence of Indulgence on Entrepreneurial Opportunity Exploitation among Small and Medium Enterprises Owners in Tanzania: Mediating Effect of Innovativeness
(Tanzania Institute of Accountancy, 2023-06) Kamwela, Baraka H.; Tonya, Emmanuel
The purpose of this study was to examine the direct and indirect influence of indulgence on entrepreneurial opportunity exploitation among small and medium enterprise owners in Tanzania. The specific objectives were to examine the influence of indulgence on entrepreneurial opportunity exploitation and to examine the mediating effect of innovativeness on the relationship between indulgence and entrepreneurial opportunity exploitation. The study employed an explanatory research design in which 370 small and medium enterprise owners were studied using a cross-section survey questionnaire. Partial least square structural equation modelling was used to test the hypotheses for the direct and indirect effects of indulgence on entrepreneurial opportunity exploitation. Empirical results indicated that indulgence has a positive and significant direct influence on entrepreneurial opportunity exploitation among small and medium enterprise owners. Also, mediation effects indicated that innovativeness had positive and significant indirect effects on the relationship between indulgence and entrepreneurial opportunity exploitation. Theoretically, the study implies that innovativeness is the mechanism through which indulgence influences entrepreneurial opportunity exploitation. Moreover, the study implies that indulgent values influence SME owners’ behaviour toward entrepreneurial opportunity exploitation. Policymakers should incorporate indulgent values and innovativeness characteristics when formulating business policies and strategies that aim at promoting entrepreneurial opportunity exploitation.
The Influence of School Leadership Experiences and Working Environment on Teachers’ Job Satisfaction in Kilimanjaro and Pwani Regions, Tanzania
(Tanzania Institute of Accountancy, 2022-06) Mwita, Sospeter; Hassanal, Issaya
This study explored the influence of school leadership and working environment on teachers’ job satisfaction in Tanzania. The study was guided by two questions: how school leadership influences teachers’ job satisfaction and how the working environment influences teachers’ job satisfaction. Herzberg’s two-factor theory guided the study. A mixed method approach was employed where both qualitative and quantitative data were collected and analysed using a concurrent research design in which. The study focused on public secondary schools in Tanzania and involved 244 respondents who were selected using a simple random sampling technique. questionnaires and interviews were used in data collection for the study. Qualitative data were analysed using content analysis while quantitative data were analysed using descriptive and linear regression analyses . The study findings reveal that school leadership influences teachers’ satisfaction with the job. Importantly, the linear regression results revealed that teachers’ collaboration significantly predicted commitment to the job (β=0.24, t (4, 239)= 3.77, p=0.000). the findings imply that the increase in teachers’ collaboration in various school matters stimulated their passion and engagement in school activities. On the other hand, a safe working environment at school accounts for 51.5 per cent in predicting teachers’ satisfaction with the job (p≤ 0.01). Therefore, collective leadership and a conducive environment at school help in increasing employees’ satisfaction with the job. It is recommended that school leaders AJASSS Volume 4, Issue No. 1, 2022 page 2 should continuously be trained on collective leadership and improvement of the working environment.
Institutional Quality and Resource based Economic Sustainability: the Mediation Efects of Resource Governance
(SN Business and Economic A Springer Nature Journal, 2022-01-20) Marobhe, M.I
The discovery of extractive resources is associated with multiple opportunities and unbridled optimism on achieving socio-economic development for many countries. However, the question how the host governments meet expectations of indigenous people by ensuring an ideal resource-based economic sustainability (RES) has been receiving less research attention. Using the global panel dataset of 80 resourceendowed economies from 2010 to 2017, we postulate and empirically examine the mediating efect of the resource governance (RESOGV) on the relationship between institutional quality (IQ) and RES. The ANOVA and post hoc ANOVA results revealed signifcant disparities in terms of IQ, RESOGV, and RES among countries with diferent levels of economic development, regions, and sector (mining or petroleum). Moreover, the fixed effects (FE) and ordinary least square (OLS) results confirmed that IQ marginally influenced RES. However, the influence was more pronounced when it was partially (but complementary) mediated by the RESOGV. The paper, therefore, stresses the importance of host governments in improving the quality of their institutions. This will ultimately help enhancing their RESOGV capabilities for attaining economic, social and environmental sustainability.
Knowledge, Attitude and Practice (KAP) towards COVID-19 Pandemic: A Cross-Sectional Survey Study among Higher Learning Institutions (HLIs) Students of Tanzania
(Tanzania Institute of Accountancy, 2023-06) Mawala, Isaac; Akyoo, Elimeleck P.
There is paucity on both the level of knowledge about COVID-19 and whether the level of knowledge among students of HLIs is related to their practices regarding measures proposed for prevention against COVID-19. The objective of this study was to analyse the level of knowledge, attitude, misconceptions and practices of students in HLIs in order to improve protection measures being undertaken by the students and staff at HLIs. The study employed a cross sectional research design involving 385 HLIs students who were selected randomly using simple and systematic sampling techniques from four institutions of HLIs in four regions. The data were collected through using a questionnaire and analysed with the aid of Statistical Package for Social Sciences (SPSS) whereby descriptive statistics, Chi-square test were analysed. Results indicate that the general knowledge about COVID-19 was low among students, and it was different between male and female students; female students had relatively lower level of knowledge about COVID-19 compared to their male counterparts. Most students were not aware of how COVID- 19 is transmitted. Most students had positive attitudes towards COVID-19 control. It can be concluded that, generally students had low overall levels of knowledge, attitude and practices towards COVID-19. It is recommended that HLIs should create comprehensive awareness strategies suited to the needs of male and female HLIs students that are urgently needed in the fight against COVID-19.

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