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The TIA’s Repository is intended to collect, preserve and disseminate electronic copies of research and scholarly works created at TIA. The Repository will serve as a gateway to disseminate similar learning resources created elsewhere. Publications stored in the Repository include conference papers, journal articles, theses and dissertations, working papers and research reports. TIA staff are requested to contribute their research outputs to the Institute repository. Kindly, contact the repository administrator/s for any enquiries at: admin@tia.ac.tz. To deposit your publication (s) in TIA repository, make sure you create an account by registering in the repository or by supplying your email address to admin@tia.ac.tz for the same.
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Recent Submissions
Measuring Household Food Security Using Food Intake Indicators in Rural Kwazulu Natal, South Africa
(Ecology of Food and Nutrition, 2014-04-24) Msaki, Mark M.; Hendriks, Sheryl L.
Estimation of micronutrients intake in food consumption surveys has generally been ignored. Focusing on similar households, a household food consumption survey (n = 200) was carried out in November 2004 (period of less) and March 2005 (period of plenty) in rural KwaZulu Natal, South Africa. Diet diversity, energy, protein and micronutrient intakes were proxies of household food security. Principal Component Analysis was used to estimate household food adequacy and strength of the variables (nutrients) in determining household intake variation amongst the community. On average, variation in household intake was contributed by energy (62.8%), iron (20.2%), protein (11.8%), vitamin E (3.8%), vitamin A (1.0%), and dietary diversity (0.3%). Linking food intake to household variables can generate plausible variables for measuring household food security.
Do Food Quality and Food Quantity Talk the Same? Lesson From Household Food Security Study in Embo, South Africa
(Journal of the American College of Nutrition, 2013-07-25) Msaki, Mark M.; Hendriks, Sheryl L.
Objectives: Relating food diversity, quality, and intake is one of the key aspects in understanding household food security. This paper aimed at marying food intake and quality, both being measurement for food security.
Methods: A household food consumption survey (n = 200) exploring food diversity, quality of foods, and their relation to food intake in Embo, a poor farming community in rural KwaZulu-Natal was carried out in November 2004 (period of insufficiency) and repeated in March 2005 (period of plenty). Household food intake strata were developed using matrices obtained from the Household Food Intake Index and nutritional adequacy ratios. Food quality was measured using food count and later using 5 food groups, namely, starches, vegetables and fruits, animal sourced foods, fats, and legumes.
Results: Single food count showed dietary diversity to be significantly different across households with different food intake during the period of plenty (P ≤ 0.000). During the period of plenty, vegetable and fruits contributed significantly different proportions of energy (P ≤ 0.000), protein (P ≤ 0.006), iron (P ≤ 0.020), and vitamin E (P ≤ 0.006) to household food intake strata. Intake of vitamin A was more elastic as its intake variation from legumes, fats, and animal sourced foods was (P ≤ 0.000), from starches (P ≤ 0.008) and from vegetable and fruits (P ≤ 0.064) during the second round. Starches are the most important food group to the community, whereas fats and animal sourced food groups are less important.
Conclusions: The current study has been able to include food quality in food security studies. Seasonality accounts for variation in food quality. The South African food-based dietary guidelines are relevant to the Embo community.
Relationship between Working Capital Management and Profitability
(Business, Management and Economics: Research Progress Vol. 3 Relationship between Working Capital Management and Profitability, 2024-08-08) Tago, Gwatako & Ponsian, Ntui
Business is crucial for a country's capital formation and plays a vital role in a
growing economy. So, effective management is essential. Fund managers face
the challenge of procuring and deploying funds for maximum returns. The
purpose of this study is to find out the effect of working capital management on
company profitability. In light of this objective, the study adopted quantitative
approaches to test the research hypotheses. A sample of three (3) manufacturing
companies listed on the Dar es Salaam Stock Exchange (DSE) was used for a
period of ten years (2002-2012) with a total of 30 observations. Annual financial
statements (statement of comprehensive income and statement of financial
position) for the period of ten years from 2002 to 2012 were used to collect data
for this study. The data was analyzed on a quantitative basis using Pearson’s
correlation and Regression analysis (Ordinary Least Square). The main findings
from the study are; Firstly, there exists a positive relationship between the cash
conversion cycle and profitability of the firm. This means if the cash conversion
cycle increases it will lead to an increase in the profitability of the firm, and
managers can create a positive value for the shareholders by increasing the cash
conversion cycle to a reasonable level. Secondly, there is a negative relationship
between liquidity and profitability showing that as liquidity decreases, the
profitability also increases. Thirdly, there exists a highly significant negative
relationship between average collection period and profitability indicating that a
decrease in the number of days a firm receives payment from sales affects the
profitability of the firm positively. Fourthly, there is a highly significant positive
relationship between the average payment period and profitability. This implies
that the longer a firm takes to pay its creditors, the more profitable it is. Fifthly,
there exists a highly significant negative relationship between inventory turnover
Explaining the Adoption of Deterministic Procurement Strategies to Economically Empower Minority Owned Businesses (MOBs)
(African Journal of Accounting and African Studies (AJASSS), 2024-01) Ibrahim, Uswege S.; Manda, Alfred N.
During the financial years 2019/20 and 2020/21, audited public entities did not
set aside the mandatory 30% annual procurement volume for preferential
procurement for minority-owned businesses. Thus, the study investigated the
factors that influence the adoption of preferential procurement by public entities
in Tanzania. The study adopted a descriptive cross-sectional design to explain
the factors that influence the adoption of the preferential procurement scheme.
Data was collected using a questionnaire from 122 procurement practitioners in
public entities. The collected data were quantitatively analyzed. The results show
that all aspects under perceptions of performance ability, internal facilitating
conditions, and legislative framework clarity were significantly [p 0.05]
influencing the adoption of the preferential procurement scheme. In light of the
findings, the study concludes that the country isn’t exploiting the full advantages
of preferential procurement in solving unemployment issues and alleviating
poverty. Thus, public entities must develop a sound internal culture of
commitment to social responsibility as a prerequisite to the effective adoption of
preferential procurement. Also, the quality of legislative frameworks
(Procurement Act, regulations, and implementation guidelines) should be
improved with a focus on clarity on the implementation of preferential
procurement.
Unveiling Corporate Environmental Disclosure: The Effects of Gender Diversity in Boardrooms and Audit Committees
(African Journal of Accounting and African Studies (AJASSS), 2024-01) Magoma, A; Kimario, H; Kasheshi, E
This study focuses on examining the impact of board gender diversity in the
boardroom and audit committees and the level of corporate environmental
disclosures (CED) of listed manufacturing firms at the Dar es Salaam Stock of
Exchange (DSE) in Tanzania and Nairobi Security Exchanges (NSE) in Kenya.
The study employed stakeholder theory as the theoretical foundation. Fixed effect
panel regression was used to analyze a balanced sample of 13 companies for
seven years (2016 to 2022) resulting in 91 listed firm-years. The findings reveal
that women in the audit committee exerted a positive and significant influence on
CED while women directors exhibited a negative and insignificant impact on
CED. This study focuses on manufacturing firms to increase the internal validity
due to this selection it limits generalization of the findings to other industries.
Furthermore, this study contributes to the body of knowledge of corporate
governance-related topics of listed manufacturing firms in Kenya and Tanzania.