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The TIA’s Repository is intended to collect, preserve and disseminate electronic copies of research and scholarly works created at TIA. The Repository will serve as a gateway to disseminate similar learning resources created elsewhere. Publications stored in the Repository include conference papers, journal articles, theses and dissertations, working papers and research reports. TIA staff are requested to contribute their research outputs to the Institute repository. Kindly, contact the repository administrator/s for any enquiries at: admin@tia.ac.tz. To deposit your publication (s) in TIA repository, make sure you create an account by registering in the repository or by supplying your email address to admin@tia.ac.tz for the same.
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Recent Submissions
Climate Change Adaptation in Semi-Arid Areas: A Gender Perspective
(International Journal of Ecosystem, 2014) Msaki, Mark M.; Kalumanga, Venance.; Bwagalilo, Fadhili.
At current, the world is struggling to mitigate the impacts of Climate Change to the involved communities. Due to their climatic behaviours, Semi-Arids are among the most vulnerable areas to Climate Change. Adaption to Climate Change has been suggested to lessen the impacts in different areas. However, the adaption is relative to a specific area’s social-economic, physical as well as cultural set up. For this fact, it is a matter that in some areas, culture happens to side-line women in decision making and implementation while adapting for Climate Change. Therefore, the study was carried out at Chololo Eco - Village, in Dodoma Municipality. The aim of the study was to assess the existing climate change adaptation strategies or technologies and the involvement of Gender in Addressing Climate Change Adaptation Technologies. A total of 110 respondents were interviewed. The research revealed that among the proportion 36%, 29%, 35%, 32%, and 59% of female respondents attended transfer of innovation sessions for Agriculture, Water Management and Conservation, Afforestation, Food Security and Economic Adaptation. More men attended sessions for transfer of innovations as compared to women. Tradition, culture and household chores impended women not to involve much in such sessions. Fortunately, women not attending in such session did not connote not adapting to Climate Change. Roles occupied in the community and household chores had been the factor for women to decide whether to participate or not participate in the training sessions. Women struggled to attend transfer sessions which seemed to be critical such as Economic Adaptation. Fruitfully women were found to be more involved in Income Generating Activities (IGAs) introduced by Chololo Eco – Village. Deliberate efforts should be carried to ensure that women attend technology transfer sessions to become the first beneficiaries of such innovations.
The impact of smallholder commercialisation of organic crops on food consumption patterns, dietary diversity and consumption elasticities
(Agricultural Economics Research, Policy and Practice in Southern Africa (Agrekon), 2010-05-07) Msaki, Mark M; Hendriks, Sheryl L
The impact of smallholder commercialisation on food consumption patterns in a rural community of South Africa was investigated. The dietary diversity, nutrient intakes and consumption patterns of certified, partially certified and non-members of an organic farmers' organisation were compared. Engagement in certified commercial organic farming promoted comparatively greater dietary diversity and improved nutrient intakes. While smallholder agriculture commercialisation has the potential to improve food consumption patterns and food quality through increased income and labour opportunities, caution should be exercised before claiming that such commercialisation can alleviate food insecurity and solve hunger in rural South Africa.
Measuring Household Food Security Using Food Intake Indicators in Rural Kwazulu Natal, South Africa
(Ecology of Food and Nutrition, 2014-04-24) Msaki, Mark M.; Hendriks, Sheryl L.
Estimation of micronutrients intake in food consumption surveys has generally been ignored. Focusing on similar households, a household food consumption survey (n = 200) was carried out in November 2004 (period of less) and March 2005 (period of plenty) in rural KwaZulu Natal, South Africa. Diet diversity, energy, protein and micronutrient intakes were proxies of household food security. Principal Component Analysis was used to estimate household food adequacy and strength of the variables (nutrients) in determining household intake variation amongst the community. On average, variation in household intake was contributed by energy (62.8%), iron (20.2%), protein (11.8%), vitamin E (3.8%), vitamin A (1.0%), and dietary diversity (0.3%). Linking food intake to household variables can generate plausible variables for measuring household food security.
Do Food Quality and Food Quantity Talk the Same? Lesson From Household Food Security Study in Embo, South Africa
(Journal of the American College of Nutrition, 2013-07-25) Msaki, Mark M.; Hendriks, Sheryl L.
Objectives: Relating food diversity, quality, and intake is one of the key aspects in understanding household food security. This paper aimed at marying food intake and quality, both being measurement for food security.
Methods: A household food consumption survey (n = 200) exploring food diversity, quality of foods, and their relation to food intake in Embo, a poor farming community in rural KwaZulu-Natal was carried out in November 2004 (period of insufficiency) and repeated in March 2005 (period of plenty). Household food intake strata were developed using matrices obtained from the Household Food Intake Index and nutritional adequacy ratios. Food quality was measured using food count and later using 5 food groups, namely, starches, vegetables and fruits, animal sourced foods, fats, and legumes.
Results: Single food count showed dietary diversity to be significantly different across households with different food intake during the period of plenty (P ≤ 0.000). During the period of plenty, vegetable and fruits contributed significantly different proportions of energy (P ≤ 0.000), protein (P ≤ 0.006), iron (P ≤ 0.020), and vitamin E (P ≤ 0.006) to household food intake strata. Intake of vitamin A was more elastic as its intake variation from legumes, fats, and animal sourced foods was (P ≤ 0.000), from starches (P ≤ 0.008) and from vegetable and fruits (P ≤ 0.064) during the second round. Starches are the most important food group to the community, whereas fats and animal sourced food groups are less important.
Conclusions: The current study has been able to include food quality in food security studies. Seasonality accounts for variation in food quality. The South African food-based dietary guidelines are relevant to the Embo community.
Relationship between Working Capital Management and Profitability
(Business, Management and Economics: Research Progress Vol. 3 Relationship between Working Capital Management and Profitability, 2024-08-08) Tago, Gwatako & Ponsian, Ntui
Business is crucial for a country's capital formation and plays a vital role in a
growing economy. So, effective management is essential. Fund managers face
the challenge of procuring and deploying funds for maximum returns. The
purpose of this study is to find out the effect of working capital management on
company profitability. In light of this objective, the study adopted quantitative
approaches to test the research hypotheses. A sample of three (3) manufacturing
companies listed on the Dar es Salaam Stock Exchange (DSE) was used for a
period of ten years (2002-2012) with a total of 30 observations. Annual financial
statements (statement of comprehensive income and statement of financial
position) for the period of ten years from 2002 to 2012 were used to collect data
for this study. The data was analyzed on a quantitative basis using Pearson’s
correlation and Regression analysis (Ordinary Least Square). The main findings
from the study are; Firstly, there exists a positive relationship between the cash
conversion cycle and profitability of the firm. This means if the cash conversion
cycle increases it will lead to an increase in the profitability of the firm, and
managers can create a positive value for the shareholders by increasing the cash
conversion cycle to a reasonable level. Secondly, there is a negative relationship
between liquidity and profitability showing that as liquidity decreases, the
profitability also increases. Thirdly, there exists a highly significant negative
relationship between average collection period and profitability indicating that a
decrease in the number of days a firm receives payment from sales affects the
profitability of the firm positively. Fourthly, there is a highly significant positive
relationship between the average payment period and profitability. This implies
that the longer a firm takes to pay its creditors, the more profitable it is. Fifthly,
there exists a highly significant negative relationship between inventory turnover